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Infrastructure Investment by Region and Sector (2025–2040)
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Key Takeaways
- By 2040, the world is projected to invest $106 trillion in infrastructure projects across all sectors.
- Asia is expected to account for two-thirds of total investment, or roughly $70 trillion.
- The transportation and energy sectors are projected to dominate global infrastructure spending, together representing more than 50% of total investment.
Infrastructure forms the backbone of every economy, connecting people, powering industries, and supporting growth. With rapid urbanization and digital transformation, global infrastructure needs are accelerating faster than ever before.
This infographic breaks down the estimated $106 trillion in infrastructure investment expected between now and 2040, both by sector and by region, based on data from McKinsey & Company.
Infrastructure Investment by Region Through 2040
At a macro level, infrastructure spending will be driven by growing populations, urban expansion, and the global shift toward low-carbon and digital systems.
| Region | Forecasted Infrastructure Investment by 2040 (trillions) |
|---|---|
| Asia | $70T |
| Americas | $16T |
| Europe | $13T |
| Africa | $5T |
| Oceania | $2T |
Asia is the clear leader by region, with an estimated $70 trillion in projected investment, thanks to continued growth in economies like China and India. The Americas are expected to account for $16 trillion, while Europe will see $13 trillion in spending.
Africa is projected to attract $5 trillion, and Oceania roughly $2 trillion—reflecting smaller economies but growing urban infrastructure demand.
Infrastructure Investment Forecast by Sector
On a sectoral level, global infrastructure spending is forecasted to be concentrated in a few key areas, as the table below shows:
| Sector | Forecasted Infrastructure Investment by 2040 (trillions) |
|---|---|
| Transportation | $36T |
| Energy | $23T |
| Digital | $19T |
| Social | $16T |
| Waste and water | $6T |
| Agriculture | $5T |
| Aerospace and defense | $2T |
The transportation sector leads with $36 trillion expected to be invested in roads, ports, airports, railways, and other projects. Overall, transportation accounts for around one-third of global infrastructure investment through 2040.
According to McKinsey, the energy sector will require massive capital flows for renewable energy projects, grid modernization, and growing energy needs, racking up $23 trillion in estimated investment by 2040.
Digital infrastructure is the third-biggest sector attracting investment, with an estimated $19 trillion flowing into fiber networks, telecoms, data centers, satellites, and associated services by 2040.
Social infrastructure (health, education, and public facilities) will see another $16 trillion, while waste and water systems and agriculture together add $11 trillion more. The aerospace and defense sector rounds out the list at $2 trillion.
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