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Mapped: The Countries Most Dependent on Imported Fossil Fuels

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Mapped: The Countries Most Dependent on Imported Fossil Fuels

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Three-quarters of the world’s population live in countries that are net importers of fossil fuels.

Using the latest data from Ember (as of April 2025), this map ranks countries by the percentage of their total energy supplied by imported fossil fuels.

From Curaçao to China

Imports account for over two-thirds of energy use in countries representing 20% of global GDP, including industrial powerhouses like Germany, Japan, and Italy. However, the most dependent countries are usually small island nations.

At the top of the list is Gibraltar, a tiny British territory at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. With no domestic fossil fuel resources, Gibraltar relies entirely—100%—on imported fuels to meet its energy needs.

Country Total energy from imported fossil fuels (%) Net importer/exporter
Gibraltar 100 Net importer
Curaçao 99 Net importer
Hong Kong 99 Net importer
Singapore 99 Net importer
Malta 99 Net importer
Jamaica 93 Net importer
Mauritius 93 Net importer
Taiwan 91 Net importer
Morocco 91 Net importer
Jordan 90 Net importer
Lebanon 90 Net importer
Dominican Republic 90 Net importer
Cyprus 89 Net importer
Panama 88 Net importer
Japan 87 Net importer
Luxembourg 87 Net importer
Moldova 85 Net importer
South Korea 81 Net importer
Greece 78 Net importer
Ireland 78 Net importer
Georgia 78 Net importer
Belarus 77 Net importer
Italy 77 Net importer
Armenia 74 Net importer
Spain 74 Net importer
Portugal 73 Net importer
Netherlands 72 Net importer
Belgium 72 Net importer
Lithuania 71 Net importer
Turkiye 69 Net importer
Germany 67 Net importer
Austria 67 Net importer
Senegal 66 Net importer
Chile 65 Net importer
Namibia 63 Net importer
Slovakia 62 Net importer
Cuba 60 Net importer
Syria 60 Net importer
North Macedonia 59 Net importer
Hungary 59 Net importer
Croatia 59 Net importer
Cambodia 58 Net importer
El Salvador 57 Net importer
Sri Lanka 57 Net importer
Honduras 55 Net importer
Thailand 55 Net importer
Tunisia 54 Net importer
Latvia 53 Net importer
Costa Rica 52 Net importer
Philippines 52 Net importer
France 51 Net importer
Slovenia 51 Net importer
Switzerland 48 Net importer
Uruguay 46 Net importer
Poland 45 Net importer
Nicaragua 43 Net importer
Bangladesh 43 Net importer
Czechia 43 Net importer
Serbia 42 Net importer
Benin 40 Net importer
Pakistan 40 Net importer
Bulgaria 39 Net importer
Finland 38 Net importer
Guatemala 36 Net importer
India 35 Net importer
Viet Nam 34 Net importer
United Kingdom 34 Net importer
Kyrgyzstan 33 Net importer
Montenegro 33 Net importer
Denmark 32 Net importer
Tajikistan 31 Net importer
Bosnia And Herzegovina 31 Net importer
Romania 30 Net importer
Kosovo 29 Net importer
New Zealand 28 Net importer
Paraguay 28 Net importer
Sweden 28 Net importer
Nepal 27 Net importer
Israel 26 Net importer
Ukraine 26 Net importer
Eritrea 24 Net importer
Haiti 22 Net importer
Albania 22 Net importer
Kenya 22 Net importer
China 20 Net importer
Togo 19 Net importer
Botswana 19 Net importer
Sudan 18 Net importer
Iceland 17 Net importer
Estonia 16 Net importer
Suriname 16 Net importer
Mexico 16 Net importer
Kingdom Of Eswatini 15 Net importer
Zimbabwe 15 Net importer
Côte D'Ivoire 15 Net importer
Madagascar 14 Net importer
Tanzania 13 Net importer
Peru 11 Net importer
Ethiopia 11 Net importer
Other Africa 11 Net importer
Zambia 10 Net importer
Rwanda 10 Net importer
Egypt 9 Net importer
Uganda 9 Net importer
North Korea 5 Net importer
Laos 4 Net importer
Niger 3 Net importer
Argentina 2 Net importer
Democratic Republic Of The Congo 1 Net importer
Uzbekistan 1 Net importer
Malaysia 0 Net exporter
United States -7 Net exporter
Brazil -7 Net exporter
Yemen -11 Net exporter
South Africa -11 Net exporter
Myanmar -19 Net exporter
Ghana -20 Net exporter
Cameroon -29 Net exporter
Iran -33 Net exporter
Bahrain -44 Net exporter
Other Non-Oecd Asia -53 Net exporter
Nigeria -63 Net exporter
Ecuador -66 Net exporter
Bolivia -67 Net exporter
Russia -72 Net exporter
Trinidad And Tobago -74 Net exporter
Venezuela -80 Net exporter
Indonesia -81 Net exporter
Canada -84 Net exporter
Mozambique -101 Net exporter
Turkmenistan -106 Net exporter
Kazakhstan -119 Net exporter
Algeria -125 Net exporter
United Arab Emirates -132 Net exporter
Colombia -161 Net exporter
Brunei -163 Net exporter
Saudi Arabia -171 Net exporter
Mongolia -172 Net exporter
Gabon -178 Net exporter
Oman -194 Net exporter
Australia -226 Net exporter
Azerbaijan -244 Net exporter
Libya -247 Net exporter
Kuwait -254 Net exporter
Iraq -275 Net exporter
Republic Of The Congo -337 Net exporter

In second place is Curaçao, a Caribbean island that, despite its oil-refining history, lacks fossil fuel reserves. Once home to one of the world’s busiest refineries, Curaçao imports 99% of its energy, primarily refined petroleum products.

The list also includes major European economies recently pushing to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, specifically from Russia. Despite being major fossil fuel producers, China and India also appear on our list, as their massive industrial sectors and growing energy demand require substantial imports to bridge the gap.

Fossil Fuel Export Giants

Since 1960, fossil fuel imports have increased twelvefold, becoming a central pillar of the modern energy economy. As of 2022, imports accounted for 37% of the global primary energy supply.

While many countries depend on imports, major net exporters of fossil fuels include the United States, Canada, Brazil, Russia, and Australia.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

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