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Mapped: The Economies Most Dependent on U.S. Trade

Which Economies Rely Most on U.S. Trade?

Key Takeaways

  • Trade with the U.S. is equivalent to 48% of Mexico’s GDP and 44% of Vietnam’s in 2025, more than six times the global average of 6.5%.
  • Canada has the third-highest exposure among large economies with GDP above $100 billion, with U.S. trade equal to 31% of its GDP.
  • China, one of America’s largest trading partners, has U.S. trade equal to just 2% of its GDP.

When U.S. trade policy shifts, some economies barely notice. For others, trade with the U.S. is large enough to noticeably influence economic growth.

The differences are striking: some major economies have deep trade ties to the U.S., while others are far less exposed relative to the size of their economies.

This graphic maps each country’s goods trade with the U.S. (exports plus imports) as a share of GDP in 2025, using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. International Trade Commission, the World Trade Organization, and the IMF.

Why Vietnam Ranks Nearly as High as Mexico

Vietnam’s economy runs on trade: its exports and imports together were worth 190% of its GDP in 2025.

The U.S. is Vietnam’s largest export market, and bilateral trade equals 44% of Vietnam’s GDP, second only to Mexico among large economies.

The table below ranks the 25 economies with GDP above $100 billion where trade with the U.S. is largest relative to GDP:

Rank Country (GDP over $100B) Trade With the U.S. (% of GDP)
1 Mexico 47.8
2 Vietnam 43.9
3 Canada 31.3
4 Taiwan 28.2
5 Costa Rica 23.7
6 Ireland 21.3
7 Thailand 19.7
8 Malaysia 19.0
9 Switzerland 17.3
10 Dominican Republic 16.2
11 Ecuador 13.9
12 Singapore 13.3
13 Guatemala 12.9
14 Chile 11.0
15 South Korea 10.6
16 Netherlands 9.7
17 Hong Kong 9.1
18 Belgium 8.8
19 Colombia 8.3
20 Venezuela 6.9
21 United Arab Emirates 6.9
22 Peru 6.9
23 Hungary 6.2
24 Israel 5.7
25 Philippines 5.6

Goods trade with the U.S. (exports plus imports) as a share of GDP in 2025. Includes economies with GDP of about $100 billion or more.

Vietnam’s exports to the U.S. rose 28.1% to more than $153 billion in 2025, led by computers and electronics amid American efforts to reduce supply chain dependence on China.

Taiwan, where goods trade with the U.S. equals 28% of GDP, saw exports to the U.S. rise 78% to $198.3 billion in 2025. Together with Vietnam, Thailand (20%), and Malaysia (19%), four of the eight large economies most exposed to U.S. trade are major hubs in the supply chains behind the world’s electronics.

America’s Biggest Partners Are Often Less Exposed

Mexico and Canada are the only trillion-dollar economies in the top 10, with U.S. trade equal to 48% and 31% of GDP, respectively. For Canada, energy is a major part of that relationship: 90.1% of its crude oil exports went to the U.S. in 2025.

Across economies of all sizes, several smaller countries rank even higher. Nicaragua (34%), Cambodia (34%), and Honduras (32%) all rank above Canada, as apparel and assembly industries tie them closely to U.S. demand.

The full dataset below ranks every economy with available data, including smaller ones:

Rank Country Trade With the U.S. (% of GDP)
1 Mexico 47.8
2 Vietnam 43.9
3 Nicaragua 33.9
4 Cambodia 33.6
5 Honduras 32.0
6 Canada 31.3
7 Taiwan 28.2
8 Guyana 25.0
9 Costa Rica 23.7
10 Trinidad and Tobago 22.9
11 Ireland 21.3
12 Thailand 19.7
13 Malaysia 19.0
14 El Salvador 18.7
15 Switzerland 17.3
16 Dominican Republic 16.2
17 Aruba 14.6
18 Grenada 14.6
19 Ecuador 13.9
20 Jamaica 13.6
21 Singapore 13.3
22 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12.9
23 Guatemala 12.9
24 Laos 12.3
25 Suriname 12.2
26 Chile 11.0
27 Panama 10.6
28 South Korea 10.6
29 Paraguay 10.2
30 Micronesia 9.8
31 Netherlands 9.7
32 Dominica 9.2
33 Hong Kong 9.1
34 Belgium 8.8
35 Jordan 8.8
36 Barbados 8.7
37 Colombia 8.3
38 Palau 7.2
39 Venezuela 6.9
40 United Arab Emirates 6.9
41 Peru 6.9
42 Fiji 6.8
43 Hungary 6.2
44 Lesotho 6.2
45 Georgia 5.9
46 Haiti 5.8
47 Israel 5.7
48 Philippines 5.6
49 Bahrain 5.5
50 South Africa 5.4
51 Japan 5.2
52 Slovakia 5.0
53 Libya 4.9
54 Lithuania 4.8
55 Germany 4.8
56 Iceland 4.7
57 Italy 4.7
58 Samoa 4.6
59 Djibouti 4.6
60 Slovenia 4.6
61 Uruguay 4.2
62 Brazil 4.2
63 Nigeria 4.1
64 Morocco 4.1
65 United Kingdom 4.1
66 Austria 4.1
67 Madagascar 4.0
68 Vanuatu 3.9
69 India 3.9
70 Sweden 3.8
71 Tuvalu 3.8
72 New Zealand 3.8
73 Denmark 3.7
74 Malta 3.6
75 Gabon 3.6
76 France 3.6
77 Finland 3.5
78 Liberia 3.5
79 Australia 3.4
80 Egypt 3.4
81 Czechia 3.3
82 Indonesia 3.3
83 Liechtenstein 3.2
84 Oman 3.2
85 Iraq 3.1
86 Estonia 3.1
87 Lebanon 3.0
88 Qatar 3.0
89 Tunisia 2.8
90 Togo 2.8
91 Poland 2.8
92 Argentina 2.7
93 Gambia 2.7
94 Tonga 2.7
95 Bangladesh 2.7
96 Namibia 2.7
97 Portugal 2.7
98 Côte d'Ivoire 2.7
99 Spain 2.6
100 Kuwait 2.5
101 Latvia 2.5
102 Turkey 2.4
103 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.3
104 Luxembourg 2.3
105 Ethiopia 2.3
106 China 2.2
107 Ghana 2.2
108 Sierra Leone 2.2
109 Pakistan 2.2
110 Norway 2.2
111 North Macedonia 2.0
112 Bulgaria 2.0
113 Saudi Arabia 2.0
114 Ukraine 1.8
115 Senegal 1.8
116 Republic of the Congo 1.8
117 Greece 1.7
118 San Marino 1.7
119 Kazakhstan 1.7
120 Timor-Leste 1.7
121 Croatia 1.6
122 Maldives 1.6
123 Mauritius 1.6
124 Benin 1.5
125 Bolivia 1.5
126 Equatorial Guinea 1.5
127 Botswana 1.5
128 Zambia 1.5
129 Angola 1.5
130 Cabo Verde 1.4
131 Mauritania 1.4
132 São Tomé and Príncipe 1.4
133 Kenya 1.4
134 Eswatini (Swaziland) 1.4
135 Brunei 1.3
136 Mozambique 1.3
137 Solomon Islands 1.3
138 Romania 1.3
139 Algeria 1.3
140 Serbia 1.2
141 Mongolia 1.1
142 Myanmar (Burma) 1.1
143 Kiribati 1.1
144 Seychelles 1.1
145 South Sudan 1.0
146 Moldova 0.9
147 Albania 0.9
148 Kyrgyzstan 0.9
149 Nauru 0.8
150 Cameroon 0.8
151 Guinea 0.8
152 Uzbekistan 0.7
153 Cyprus 0.7
154 Armenia 0.7
155 Azerbaijan 0.7
156 Macau 0.7
157 Yemen 0.6
158 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.6
159 Montenegro 0.6
160 Nepal 0.5
161 Rwanda 0.5
162 Tanzania 0.5
163 Malawi 0.5
164 Papua New Guinea 0.5
165 Uganda 0.5
166 Central African Republic 0.5
167 Chad 0.4
168 Somalia 0.4
169 Kosovo 0.4
170 Andorra 0.3
171 Bhutan 0.3
172 Guinea-Bissau 0.3
173 Burkina Faso 0.3
174 Afghanistan 0.2
175 Zimbabwe 0.2
176 Tajikistan 0.2
177 Turkmenistan 0.2
178 Comoros 0.2
179 Burundi 0.2
180 Russia 0.2
181 Mali 0.1
182 Sudan 0.1
183 Niger 0.1
184 Belarus 0.0
185 Iran 0.0
186 Puerto Rico 0.0
-- Global Average 6.5

Goods trade with the U.S. (exports plus imports) as a share of GDP in 2025.

China sits at just 2%, about one-third of the global average. Despite the enormous value of U.S.-China trade, it is relatively small compared with China’s $19.6 trillion economy and its trade with the rest of the world. Germany and Japan, two other major economies, are both at 5%.

Switzerland (17%) is Europe’s most exposed economy after Ireland (21%). That exposure became costly in 2025, when the U.S. imposed a 39% tariff on many Swiss exports from August to November before a framework deal reduced it to 15%.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The Export Dependency of Major Economies on Voronoi.