Which Countries Produce More Energy Than They Use?
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Key Takeaways
- Russia had the world’s largest energy surplus in 2024 at 26.0 quadrillion BTUs.
- China had the largest energy deficit, consuming 39.8 quadrillion BTUs more than it produced.
- The U.S. and Canada both ranked among the top surplus economies, while India, Japan, and South Korea were among the largest deficit economies.
This map shows which countries produced more energy than they consumed in 2024, and which relied more heavily on energy from abroad.
The data for this visualization comes from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Energy gaps are measured in quadrillion British thermal units (BTUs), calculated as total energy production minus total energy consumption. Positive values indicate a surplus, while negative values indicate a deficit.
Russia Has the World’s Largest Energy Surplus
Russia produced 26.0 quadrillion BTUs more energy than it consumed in 2024, the largest surplus of any country.
The country remains one of the world’s largest producers of oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy, generating far more energy than its domestic economy requires.
| Rank | Country/Region | Energy Gap (Quadrillion BTU) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | 26.0 |
| 2 | Saudi Arabia | 15.1 |
| 3 | Australia | 11.9 |
| 4 | Canada | 10.0 |
| 5 | United States | 9.0 |
| 6 | Indonesia | 8.8 |
| 7 | Norway | 8.3 |
| 8 | Qatar | 7.6 |
| 9 | Iraq | 7.0 |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | 6.8 |
| 11 | Iran | 6.2 |
| 12 | Kuwait | 4.7 |
| 13 | Kazakhstan | 4.2 |
| 14 | Algeria | 3.6 |
| 15 | Nigeria | 3.1 |
| 16 | Angola | 2.4 |
| 17 | Colombia | 2.3 |
| 18 | Oman | 2.2 |
| 19 | Libya | 2.1 |
| 20 | Azerbaijan | 2.0 |
| 21 | Mongolia | 1.8 |
| 22 | Venezuela | 1.5 |
| 23 | Turkmenistan | 1.5 |
| 24 | Brazil | 1.3 |
| 25 | Mozambique | 0.7 |
| 26 | Congo-Brazzaville | 0.5 |
| 27 | Ecuador | 0.5 |
| 28 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.4 |
| 29 | Gabon | 0.4 |
| 30 | Brunei | 0.4 |
| 31 | Papua New Guinea | 0.4 |
| 32 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.3 |
| 33 | Argentina | 0.3 |
| 34 | Bahrain | 0.3 |
| 35 | Chad | 0.3 |
| 36 | Ghana | 0.2 |
| 37 | Cameroon | 0.1 |
| 38 | Bolivia | 0.1 |
| 39 | South Sudan | 0.1 |
| 40 | South Africa | 0.1 |
| 41 | Laos | 0.1 |
| 42 | Myanmar | 0.1 |
| 43 | Madagascar | -0.1 |
| 44 | Tajikistan | -0.1 |
| 45 | Guyana | -0.1 |
| 46 | Kyrgyzstan | -0.1 |
| 47 | Namibia | -0.1 |
| 48 | Guinea | -0.1 |
| 49 | Peru | -0.1 |
| 50 | Mauritania | -0.1 |
| 51 | Zambia | -0.1 |
| 52 | Zimbabwe | -0.1 |
| 53 | North Macedonia | -0.1 |
| 54 | Nicaragua | -0.1 |
| 55 | Mauritius | -0.1 |
| 56 | Estonia | -0.1 |
| 57 | Burkina Faso | -0.1 |
| 58 | Uganda | -0.1 |
| 59 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -0.1 |
| 60 | Palestinian Territories | -0.1 |
| 61 | Mali | -0.1 |
| 62 | Latvia | -0.1 |
| 63 | Cyprus | -0.1 |
| 64 | Côte d’Ivoire | -0.1 |
| 65 | Benin | -0.1 |
| 66 | Afghanistan | -0.1 |
| 67 | Sudan | -0.1 |
| 68 | Jamaica | -0.1 |
| 69 | Uruguay | -0.1 |
| 70 | Moldova | -0.1 |
| 71 | Syria | -0.1 |
| 72 | Malta | -0.1 |
| 73 | Slovenia | -0.1 |
| 74 | Armenia | -0.1 |
| 75 | Costa Rica | -0.1 |
| 76 | El Salvador | -0.1 |
| 77 | Tanzania | -0.1 |
| 78 | Nepal | -0.1 |
| 79 | Luxembourg | -0.1 |
| 80 | Senegal | -0.2 |
| 81 | Honduras | -0.2 |
| 82 | Yemen | -0.2 |
| 83 | Cuba | -0.2 |
| 84 | Georgia | -0.2 |
| 85 | Sri Lanka | -0.2 |
| 86 | Lithuania | -0.2 |
| 87 | Denmark | -0.2 |
| 88 | Ethiopia | -0.2 |
| 89 | Croatia | -0.2 |
| 90 | Lebanon | -0.2 |
| 91 | Guatemala | -0.3 |
| 92 | Cambodia | -0.3 |
| 93 | Kenya | -0.3 |
| 94 | Serbia | -0.3 |
| 95 | New Zealand | -0.3 |
| 96 | Bulgaria | -0.3 |
| 97 | Tunisia | -0.3 |
| 98 | Panama | -0.3 |
| 99 | Jordan | -0.3 |
| 100 | Romania | -0.4 |
| 101 | Slovakia | -0.4 |
| 102 | Switzerland | -0.5 |
| 103 | Finland | -0.5 |
| 104 | Dominican Republic | -0.5 |
| 105 | Uzbekistan | -0.5 |
| 106 | Ireland | -0.5 |
| 107 | Sweden | -0.5 |
| 108 | Hungary | -0.6 |
| 109 | Portugal | -0.6 |
| 110 | Ukraine | -0.6 |
| 111 | Czechia | -0.7 |
| 112 | Belarus | -0.8 |
| 113 | Austria | -0.8 |
| 114 | Greece | -0.9 |
| 115 | Morocco | -0.9 |
| 116 | Hong Kong | -1 |
| 117 | Chile | -1.1 |
| 118 | Egypt | -1.1 |
| 119 | Bangladesh | -1.2 |
| 120 | Pakistan | -1.3 |
| 121 | Philippines | -1.7 |
| 122 | Vietnam | -1.8 |
| 123 | Belgium | -1.8 |
| 124 | Mexico | -1.9 |
| 125 | Poland | -2.0 |
| 126 | Netherlands | -2.5 |
| 127 | United Kingdom | -2.8 |
| 128 | Thailand | -3.4 |
| 129 | Singapore | -3.7 |
| 130 | Spain | -3.8 |
| 131 | France | -4.2 |
| 132 | Taiwan | -4.3 |
| 133 | Italy | -4.7 |
| 134 | Türkiye | -4.9 |
| 135 | Germany | -7.1 |
| 136 | South Korea | -10.3 |
| 137 | Japan | -13.7 |
| 138 | India | -15.1 |
| 139 | China | -39.8 |
Saudi Arabia ranked second with a surplus of 15.1 quadrillion BTUs, followed by Australia at 11.9 and Canada at 10.0. The United States also posted a sizable surplus of 9.0 quadrillion BTUs.
China Has the World’s Largest Energy Deficit
China recorded the biggest energy deficit at 39.8 quadrillion BTUs.
The country’s enormous industrial base and population drive energy demand beyond domestic production.
India ranked second with a deficit of 15.1 quadrillion BTUs, while Japan followed at 13.7. Other large energy importers include South Korea, Germany, Türkiye, Italy, and France.
Why Some Large Economies Run Energy Deficits
A country’s energy balance is shaped by both production capacity and consumption patterns. Resource-rich nations often generate large surpluses, but geography alone does not determine outcomes.
Technological development, industrial structure, population size, and government policy all influence whether a nation becomes a net exporter or importer of energy.
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