Which Countries Produce the Most Carbon Emissions?
Key Takeaways
- China, the United States, and India account for more than half of global greenhouse gas emissions.
- China alone produces 30.3% of global emissions, compared with 11.4% for the United States.
- Canada generates slightly more emissions than Mexico despite having less than one-third of its population.
China is the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter by a wide margin, but how do other major economies compare?
This graphic ranks countries by their share of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2025, using data from the European Commission’s Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). Global shares exclude international aviation and shipping.
The Countries Producing the Most Emissions
China leads the ranking with nearly 16 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in 2025, roughly 2.7 times the U.S. total. India ranks third, followed by Russia and Indonesia.
Together, the five largest emitters account for nearly 58% of global emissions, highlighting how much of the world’s total comes from a small number of economies.
| Rank | Country | Mt CO2eq/yr (2025) | Global Share (2025) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 15,981 | 30.3% |
| 2 | United States | 6,018 | 11.4% |
| 3 | India | 4,508 | 8.5% |
| 4 | Russia | 2,574 | 4.9% |
| 5 | Indonesia | 1,359 | 2.6% |
| 6 | Brazil | 1,307 | 2.5% |
| 7 | Iran | 1,119 | 2.1% |
| 8 | Japan | 1,063 | 2.0% |
| 9 | Saudi Arabia | 845 | 1.6% |
| 10 | Canada | 765 | 1.4% |
| 11 | Mexico | 717 | 1.4% |
| 12 | South Korea | 696 | 1.3% |
| 13 | Germany | 660 | 1.3% |
| 14 | Türkiye | 611 | 1.2% |
| 15 | Australia | 578 | 1.1% |
| 16 | Vietnam | 548 | 1.0% |
| 17 | Pakistan | 531 | 1.0% |
| 18 | South Africa | 519 | 1.0% |
| 19 | Iraq | 428 | 0.8% |
| 20 | Thailand | 401 | 0.8% |
| 21 | Egypt | 391 | 0.7% |
| 22 | France | 377 | 0.7% |
| 23 | UK | 376 | 0.7% |
| 24 | Nigeria | 368 | 0.7% |
| 25 | Kazakhstan | 358 | 0.7% |
| 26 | Italy | 354 | 0.7% |
| 27 | Argentina | 354 | 0.7% |
| 28 | Poland | 347 | 0.7% |
| 29 | Malaysia | 337 | 0.6% |
| 30 | Taiwan | 302 | 0.6% |
| 31 | Spain | 293 | 0.6% |
| 32 | UAE | 279 | 0.5% |
| 33 | Philippines | 270 | 0.5% |
| 34 | Algeria | 269 | 0.5% |
| 35 | Bangladesh | 241 | 0.5% |
| 36 | Uzbekistan | 214 | 0.4% |
| 37 | Ukraine | 210 | 0.4% |
| 38 | Colombia | 206 | 0.4% |
| 39 | Ethiopia | 191 | 0.4% |
| 40 | Venezuela | 178 | 0.3% |
| 41 | Kuwait | 177 | 0.3% |
| 42 | Qatar | 166 | 0.3% |
| 43 | Netherlands | 150 | 0.3% |
| 44 | Oman | 140 | 0.3% |
| 45 | Myanmar | 133 | 0.3% |
| 46 | Sudan | 131 | 0.2% |
| 47 | Turkmenistan | 125 | 0.2% |
| 48 | Libya | 118 | 0.2% |
| 49 | Chile | 116 | 0.2% |
| 50 | Morocco | 113 | 0.2% |
| 51 | Kenya | 109 | 0.2% |
| 52 | Mongolia | 106 | 0.2% |
| 53 | Belgium | 106 | 0.2% |
| 54 | Peru | 105 | 0.2% |
| 55 | Tanzania | 103 | 0.2% |
| 56 | Czechia | 103 | 0.2% |
| 57 | Chad | 102 | 0.2% |
| 58 | Romania | 97 | 0.2% |
| 59 | North Korea | 92 | 0.2% |
| 60 | Belarus | 88 | 0.2% |
| 61 | Israel | 77 | 0.1% |
| 62 | New Zealand | 74 | 0.1% |
| 63 | Singapore | 73 | 0.1% |
| 64 | Greece | 71 | 0.1% |
| 65 | Angola | 71 | 0.1% |
| 66 | Austria | 70 | 0.1% |
| 67 | Ecuador | 70 | 0.1% |
| 68 | Bahrain | 68 | 0.1% |
| 69 | Serbia | 68 | 0.1% |
| 70 | Bolivia | 59 | 0.1% |
| 71 | Uganda | 59 | 0.1% |
| 72 | Cambodia | 58 | 0.1% |
| 73 | Azerbaijan | 58 | 0.1% |
| 74 | Hungary | 57 | 0.1% |
| 75 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 57 | 0.1% |
| 76 | Ireland | 57 | 0.1% |
| 77 | Sweden | 55 | 0.1% |
| 78 | Portugal | 53 | 0.1% |
| 79 | Norway | 53 | 0.1% |
| 80 | Dominican Republic | 52 | 0.1% |
| 81 | Ghana | 51 | 0.1% |
| 82 | Mali | 50 | 0.1% |
| 83 | Bulgaria | 49 | 0.1% |
| 84 | Finland | 48 | 0.1% |
| 85 | Niger | 48 | 0.1% |
| 86 | Tunisia | 45 | 0.1% |
| 87 | Syria | 44 | 0.1% |
| 88 | Uruguay | 44 | 0.1% |
| 89 | Nepal | 43 | 0.1% |
| 90 | Zambia | 43 | 0.1% |
| 91 | Switzerland | 42 | 0.1% |
| 92 | Paraguay | 42 | 0.1% |
| 93 | Côte d’Ivoire | 42 | 0.1% |
| 94 | Zimbabwe | 41 | 0.1% |
| 95 | Guatemala | 40 | 0.1% |
| 96 | Laos | 40 | 0.1% |
| 97 | Cameroon | 40 | 0.1% |
| 98 | Jordan | 40 | 0.1% |
| 99 | Yemen | 39 | 0.1% |
| 100 | Hong Kong | 38 | 0.1% |
| 101 | Slovakia | 38 | 0.1% |
| 102 | Mozambique | 37 | 0.1% |
| 103 | Somalia | 35 | 0.1% |
| 104 | Cuba | 35 | 0.1% |
| 105 | Denmark | 35 | 0.1% |
| 106 | Burkina Faso | 34 | 0.1% |
| 107 | Madagascar | 33 | 0.1% |
| 108 | Senegal | 33 | 0.1% |
| 109 | Trinidad and Tobago | 33 | 0.1% |
| 110 | Afghanistan | 32 | 0.1% |
| 111 | Sri Lanka | 31 | 0.1% |
| 112 | Guinea | 30 | 0.1% |
| 113 | Croatia | 27 | 0.1% |
| 114 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 27 | 0.1% |
| 115 | Honduras | 25 | 0.05% |
| 116 | Kyrgyzstan | 24 | 0.05% |
| 117 | Congo | 24 | 0.05% |
| 118 | Tajikistan | 24 | 0.05% |
| 119 | Malawi | 22 | 0.04% |
| 120 | Lebanon | 21 | 0.04% |
| 121 | Benin | 20 | 0.04% |
| 122 | Panama | 20 | 0.04% |
| 123 | Gabon | 20 | 0.04% |
| 124 | Lithuania | 20 | 0.04% |
| 125 | Nicaragua | 20 | 0.04% |
| 126 | Georgia | 19 | 0.04% |
| 127 | Mauritania | 18 | 0.03% |
| 128 | Costa Rica | 18 | 0.03% |
| 129 | Slovenia | 16 | 0.03% |
| 130 | El Salvador | 16 | 0.03% |
| 131 | Puerto Rico | 15 | 0.03% |
| 132 | Estonia | 14 | 0.03% |
| 133 | Central African Republic | 13 | 0.03% |
| 134 | Papua New Guinea | 13 | 0.02% |
| 135 | Namibia | 13 | 0.02% |
| 136 | Botswana | 13 | 0.02% |
| 137 | Haiti | 12 | 0.02% |
| 138 | Brunei | 11 | 0.02% |
| 139 | Moldova | 11 | 0.02% |
| 140 | Togo | 11 | 0.02% |
| 141 | Latvia | 11 | 0.02% |
| 142 | Armenia | 11 | 0.02% |
| 143 | Guyana | 11 | 0.02% |
| 144 | North Macedonia | 10 | 0.02% |
| 145 | Jamaica | 10 | 0.02% |
| 146 | Rwanda | 10 | 0.02% |
| 147 | Cyprus | 9 | 0.02% |
| 148 | Sierra Leone | 8 | 0.02% |
| 149 | Albania | 8 | 0.01% |
| 150 | Equatorial Guinea | 8 | 0.01% |
| 151 | Burundi | 8 | 0.01% |
| 152 | Luxembourg | 7 | 0.01% |
| 153 | Mauritius | 7 | 0.01% |
| 154 | New Caledonia | 7 | 0.01% |
| 155 | Eritrea | 6 | 0.01% |
| 156 | Liberia | 5 | 0.01% |
| 157 | Iceland | 4 | 0.01% |
| 158 | Suriname | 4 | 0.01% |
| 159 | Fiji | 3 | 0.01% |
| 160 | Eswatini | 3 | 0.01% |
| 161 | Bhutan | 3 | 0.01% |
| 162 | Guinea-Bissau | 3 | 0.01% |
| 163 | Lesotho | 3 | 0.01% |
| 164 | Réunion | 3 | 0.01% |
| 165 | Djibouti | 2 | 0.00% |
| 166 | Malta | 2 | 0.00% |
| 167 | Maldives | 2 | 0.00% |
| 168 | Macao | 2 | 0.00% |
| 169 | The Gambia | 2 | 0.00% |
| 170 | Bahamas | 2 | 0.00% |
| 171 | Timor-Leste | 2 | 0.00% |
| 172 | Palau | 2 | 0.00% |
| 173 | Curaçao | 2 | 0.00% |
| 174 | Guadeloupe | 1 | 0.00% |
| 175 | French Polynesia | 1 | 0.00% |
| 176 | Martinique | 1 | 0.00% |
| 177 | Seychelles | 1 | 0.00% |
| 178 | Barbados | 1 | 0.00% |
| 179 | Cabo Verde | 1 | 0.00% |
| 180 | Belize | 1 | 0.00% |
| 181 | Comoros | 1 | 0.00% |
| 182 | Western Sahara | 1 | 0.00% |
| 183 | Greenland | 1 | 0.00% |
| 184 | Vanuatu | 1 | 0.00% |
| 185 | French Guiana | 1 | 0.00% |
| 186 | Aruba | 1 | 0.00% |
| 187 | Solomon Islands | 1 | 0.00% |
| 188 | Samoa | 0.5 | 0.00% |
| 189 | Saint Lucia | 0.5 | 0.00% |
| 190 | Cayman Islands | 0.4 | 0.00% |
| 191 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.4 | 0.00% |
| 192 | Tonga | 0.3 | 0.00% |
| 193 | Gibraltar | 0.3 | 0.00% |
| 194 | Bermuda | 0.3 | 0.00% |
| 195 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.3 | 0.00% |
| 196 | Grenada | 0.3 | 0.00% |
| 197 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.2 | 0.00% |
| 198 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.2 | 0.00% |
| 199 | Falkland Islands | 0.2 | 0.00% |
| 200 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.2 | 0.00% |
| 201 | Dominica | 0.2 | 0.00% |
| 202 | Cook Islands | 0.1 | 0.00% |
| 203 | Kiribati | 0.1 | 0.00% |
| 204 | British Virgin Islands | 0.1 | 0.00% |
| 205 | Faroes | 0.1 | 0.00% |
| 206 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0.04 | 0.00% |
| 207 | Anguilla | 0.03 | 0.00% |
| 208 | Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | 0.02 | 0.00% |
Note: Some entries combine multiple geographic areas, as reported in the source data.
Population helps explain emissions totals, but energy consumption and industrial activity also play major roles.
Saudi Arabia, for example, produces more greenhouse gases than Pakistan despite having a much smaller population. Australia also generates more than twice Bangladesh’s emissions, even though its population is less than one-sixth as large.
These differences reflect factors such as fossil fuel dependence, energy-intensive industries, and each country’s energy mix.
Where Emissions Are Starting to Fall
Despite their large shares of global emissions, some of the world’s biggest emitters are beginning to see declines.
In 2025, China’s energy-related CO₂ emissions fell by around 0.5%, helped by expanding renewable and nuclear power generation. India’s energy-related CO₂ emissions also declined in 2025, helped by renewable power growth and cooler weather.
Europe has seen more sustained reductions. Emissions in Italy, Germany, and the UK have fallen by double-digit percentages over the past decade. Across the EU, greenhouse gas emissions have declined 40% since 1990, even as its economy grew by more than 70%.
These trends highlight how emissions can decline even as economies continue to grow, although global emissions remain heavily concentrated among a handful of countries.
Learn More on the Voronoi App
To learn more about this topic, explore this graphic breaking down global greenhouse gas emissions by sector.