Written By Jenna Ross
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- Sabrina Lam
Published February 28, 2023
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Updated February 27, 2023
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The following content is sponsored by New York Life Investments
5 Tax Tips for Investors
Are your investments tax efficient? If you’re not sure, you’re not alone.
- 82% of Americans are bothered by the complexity of the tax system
- 66% of Americans are frustrated by the amount they pay in taxes
In this graphic from New York Life Investments, we look at five practical tax tips you can consider for your own investments.
Tip #1: Use a Tax-Advantaged Account
Using a tax-advantaged account can maximize the growth of your investments. This is because you aren’t paying out a portion of your earnings in taxes each year, so your earnings are fully reinvested.
Consider how this affects the value of a hypothetical portfolio over time, assuming $10,000 annual contributions, an 8.4% annual return, and a 20.9% tax rate applied to the taxable account.
| Year | 401(k) | Taxable Account |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | $10,840 | $10,660 |
| 5 | $64,103 | $60,815 |
| 10 | $160,049 | $144,530 |
| 15 | $303,655 | $259,765 |
| 20 | $518,595 | $418,391 |
| 25 | $840,306 | $636,743 |
| 30 | $1,312,822 | $937,312 |
While the difference is minimal in the beginning, the balance of the tax-advantaged 401(k) is 41% larger after 30 years.
Tip #2: Use the Right Tax-Advantaged Account
Among tax-advantaged accounts, there are traditional and Roth options.
| Traditional | Roth | |
|---|---|---|
| Contribution | Pre-Tax Dollars | After-Tax Dollars |
| Withdrawals After Age 59 ½ | Taxable | Tax-Free |
If you’re strategic about which account type you choose, you can lower the amount of tax you pay. Consider a young person early in their career who expects that their marginal tax rate will increase by the time they retire:
- Current Marginal Tax Rate: 17.9%
- Expected Marginal Tax Rate in Retirement: 27.9%
With a traditional account, they will pay the higher expected tax rate of 27.9% on withdrawals in retirement. With a Roth account, they will pay their lower marginal tax rate of 17.9% on contributions they make now.
While there are other factors to consider, the timing of tax benefits can be a key difference when you are choosing between tax-advantaged accounts.
Tip #3: Harvest Tax Losses
Taxable accounts, which can be helpful for investors looking for flexibility, offer the benefit of tax loss harvesting. If you sell an investment at a loss, you can use it to offset gains that you would otherwise owe taxes on.
Consider an investor with the following:
- $25,000 short-term capital gain
- $10,000 short-term capital loss
- 27.9% marginal tax rate
How will their tax bill differ based on whether or not they harvest the loss?
| Option 1: Not Harvesting Losses | Option 2: Harvesting Losses | |
|---|---|---|
| Short-Term Capital Gain | $25,000 | $25,000 |
| Short-Term Capital Loss Offset | - | ($10,000) |
| Net Short-Term Capital Gain | $25,000 | $15,000 |
| Taxes Owed | $6,975 | $4,185 |
By harvesting the loss, the investor has reduced their taxes by nearly $3,000.
Tip #4: Donate Appreciated Assets Rather Than Cash
If charitable donations are part of your money goals, you could be leaving tax savings on the table if you’re donating cash.
Consider an investor who has stock worth $5,000 that they originally purchased for $3,000. They have held the stock for over a year and have a 20.9% marginal tax rate on long-term capital gains.
| Option 1: Sell Shares and Donate the Cash | Option 2: Transfer Shares Directly to Charity | |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Shares | $5,000 | - |
| Capital Gain | $2,000 | - |
| Taxes Owed | $418 | - |
| Net Donation | $4,582 | $5,000 |
By donating the shares directly, the investor does not have to pay capital gains taxes and can donate a higher amount. Another benefit? Investors are generally able to deduct the full fair market value of the donation on their taxes.
Tip #5: Hold Assets in the Right Accounts
Some investors may use whichever account is the most convenient and hold the same assets across their accounts. However, it’s more tax efficient to put certain assets in certain accounts based on their tax treatment.
- Taxable Accounts: Best for assets with low appreciation, preferential tax treatment, and low turnover. Assets that may be a good fit are municipal bonds, ETFs, and stocks you plan to hold for at least a year.
- Tax-Advantaged Accounts: Best for assets with high appreciation, tax-intensive treatment, and high turnover. Assets that may be a good fit are actively-managed stock funds, real estate investment trusts, and taxable bonds.
Taking a holistic view of your assets can help you make more strategic and informed decisions about where to put them.
Investing With Tax Tips in Mind
Through some advanced planning, you can consider these five tax tips and make your investments more tax efficient.Learn more about tax efficient investing strategies with New York Life Investments.
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Related Topics: #Taxes #tax #New York Life Investments #tax tips #New York Life #401k #roth #tax loss harvesting #capital gain #capital loss
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