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Mapped: The Countries Most Dependent on Imported Fossil Fuels
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Three-quarters of the world’s population live in countries that are net importers of fossil fuels.
Using the latest data from Ember (as of April 2025), this map ranks countries by the percentage of their total energy supplied by imported fossil fuels.
From Curaçao to China
Imports account for over two-thirds of energy use in countries representing 20% of global GDP, including industrial powerhouses like Germany, Japan, and Italy. However, the most dependent countries are usually small island nations.
At the top of the list is Gibraltar, a tiny British territory at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. With no domestic fossil fuel resources, Gibraltar relies entirely—100%—on imported fuels to meet its energy needs.
Country | Total energy from imported fossil fuels (%) | Net importer/exporter |
---|---|---|
Gibraltar | 100 | Net importer |
Curaçao | 99 | Net importer |
Hong Kong | 99 | Net importer |
Singapore | 99 | Net importer |
Malta | 99 | Net importer |
Jamaica | 93 | Net importer |
Mauritius | 93 | Net importer |
Taiwan | 91 | Net importer |
Morocco | 91 | Net importer |
Jordan | 90 | Net importer |
Lebanon | 90 | Net importer |
Dominican Republic | 90 | Net importer |
Cyprus | 89 | Net importer |
Panama | 88 | Net importer |
Japan | 87 | Net importer |
Luxembourg | 87 | Net importer |
Moldova | 85 | Net importer |
South Korea | 81 | Net importer |
Greece | 78 | Net importer |
Ireland | 78 | Net importer |
Georgia | 78 | Net importer |
Belarus | 77 | Net importer |
Italy | 77 | Net importer |
Armenia | 74 | Net importer |
Spain | 74 | Net importer |
Portugal | 73 | Net importer |
Netherlands | 72 | Net importer |
Belgium | 72 | Net importer |
Lithuania | 71 | Net importer |
Turkiye | 69 | Net importer |
Germany | 67 | Net importer |
Austria | 67 | Net importer |
Senegal | 66 | Net importer |
Chile | 65 | Net importer |
Namibia | 63 | Net importer |
Slovakia | 62 | Net importer |
Cuba | 60 | Net importer |
Syria | 60 | Net importer |
North Macedonia | 59 | Net importer |
Hungary | 59 | Net importer |
Croatia | 59 | Net importer |
Cambodia | 58 | Net importer |
El Salvador | 57 | Net importer |
Sri Lanka | 57 | Net importer |
Honduras | 55 | Net importer |
Thailand | 55 | Net importer |
Tunisia | 54 | Net importer |
Latvia | 53 | Net importer |
Costa Rica | 52 | Net importer |
Philippines | 52 | Net importer |
France | 51 | Net importer |
Slovenia | 51 | Net importer |
Switzerland | 48 | Net importer |
Uruguay | 46 | Net importer |
Poland | 45 | Net importer |
Nicaragua | 43 | Net importer |
Bangladesh | 43 | Net importer |
Czechia | 43 | Net importer |
Serbia | 42 | Net importer |
Benin | 40 | Net importer |
Pakistan | 40 | Net importer |
Bulgaria | 39 | Net importer |
Finland | 38 | Net importer |
Guatemala | 36 | Net importer |
India | 35 | Net importer |
Viet Nam | 34 | Net importer |
United Kingdom | 34 | Net importer |
Kyrgyzstan | 33 | Net importer |
Montenegro | 33 | Net importer |
Denmark | 32 | Net importer |
Tajikistan | 31 | Net importer |
Bosnia And Herzegovina | 31 | Net importer |
Romania | 30 | Net importer |
Kosovo | 29 | Net importer |
New Zealand | 28 | Net importer |
Paraguay | 28 | Net importer |
Sweden | 28 | Net importer |
Nepal | 27 | Net importer |
Israel | 26 | Net importer |
Ukraine | 26 | Net importer |
Eritrea | 24 | Net importer |
Haiti | 22 | Net importer |
Albania | 22 | Net importer |
Kenya | 22 | Net importer |
China | 20 | Net importer |
Togo | 19 | Net importer |
Botswana | 19 | Net importer |
Sudan | 18 | Net importer |
Iceland | 17 | Net importer |
Estonia | 16 | Net importer |
Suriname | 16 | Net importer |
Mexico | 16 | Net importer |
Kingdom Of Eswatini | 15 | Net importer |
Zimbabwe | 15 | Net importer |
Côte D'Ivoire | 15 | Net importer |
Madagascar | 14 | Net importer |
Tanzania | 13 | Net importer |
Peru | 11 | Net importer |
Ethiopia | 11 | Net importer |
Other Africa | 11 | Net importer |
Zambia | 10 | Net importer |
Rwanda | 10 | Net importer |
Egypt | 9 | Net importer |
Uganda | 9 | Net importer |
North Korea | 5 | Net importer |
Laos | 4 | Net importer |
Niger | 3 | Net importer |
Argentina | 2 | Net importer |
Democratic Republic Of The Congo | 1 | Net importer |
Uzbekistan | 1 | Net importer |
Malaysia | 0 | Net exporter |
United States | -7 | Net exporter |
Brazil | -7 | Net exporter |
Yemen | -11 | Net exporter |
South Africa | -11 | Net exporter |
Myanmar | -19 | Net exporter |
Ghana | -20 | Net exporter |
Cameroon | -29 | Net exporter |
Iran | -33 | Net exporter |
Bahrain | -44 | Net exporter |
Other Non-Oecd Asia | -53 | Net exporter |
Nigeria | -63 | Net exporter |
Ecuador | -66 | Net exporter |
Bolivia | -67 | Net exporter |
Russia | -72 | Net exporter |
Trinidad And Tobago | -74 | Net exporter |
Venezuela | -80 | Net exporter |
Indonesia | -81 | Net exporter |
Canada | -84 | Net exporter |
Mozambique | -101 | Net exporter |
Turkmenistan | -106 | Net exporter |
Kazakhstan | -119 | Net exporter |
Algeria | -125 | Net exporter |
United Arab Emirates | -132 | Net exporter |
Colombia | -161 | Net exporter |
Brunei | -163 | Net exporter |
Saudi Arabia | -171 | Net exporter |
Mongolia | -172 | Net exporter |
Gabon | -178 | Net exporter |
Oman | -194 | Net exporter |
Australia | -226 | Net exporter |
Azerbaijan | -244 | Net exporter |
Libya | -247 | Net exporter |
Kuwait | -254 | Net exporter |
Iraq | -275 | Net exporter |
Republic Of The Congo | -337 | Net exporter |
In second place is Curaçao, a Caribbean island that, despite its oil-refining history, lacks fossil fuel reserves. Once home to one of the world’s busiest refineries, Curaçao imports 99% of its energy, primarily refined petroleum products.
The list also includes major European economies recently pushing to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, specifically from Russia. Despite being major fossil fuel producers, China and India also appear on our list, as their massive industrial sectors and growing energy demand require substantial imports to bridge the gap.
Fossil Fuel Export Giants
Since 1960, fossil fuel imports have increased twelvefold, becoming a central pillar of the modern energy economy. As of 2022, imports accounted for 37% of the global primary energy supply.
While many countries depend on imports, major net exporters of fossil fuels include the United States, Canada, Brazil, Russia, and Australia.
Learn More on the Voronoi App
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