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Charted: Global Peace Agreements Since 1990
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Key Takeaways
- Between 2020 and 2024, a total of 210 peace agreements were reached, the lowest number over a four-year period in a quarter century.
- In 2024, China and India arrived at a deal over border disputes following four years of military tensions.
- Meanwhile, South Sudan struck five deals and 23 were in reached in Colombia, but limited progress has been made across paramilitary groups in the country.
Today, nearly 50 states face armed conflict, with the Israel-Hamas and Russia-Ukraine wars significantly worsening.
Across numerous conflicts, peacemaking processes have been largely stalled or absent. A divided UN Security Council is one factor behind fewer peace agreements in recent years, which has stymied meaningful action in both Gaza and the Ukraine.
His graphic shows global peace agreements over the past 25 years, based on data from University of Edinburgh via SIPRI.
Peace Agreements in Sharp Decline
Below, we show the total number of peace agreements worldwide over time, highlighting a substantial drop since 2020:
| Date | Total Number of Peace Agreements |
|---|---|
| 1990-94 | 397 |
| 1995-99 | 357 |
| 2000-04 | 283 |
| 2005-09 | 250 |
| 2010-14 | 275 |
| 2015-19 | 372 |
| 2020-24 | 210 |
Since 1990, 2,144 peace agreements have been made, yet just 6% were substantive.
Of these, 26% were pre-negotiation agreements, 21% partial agreements, and 22% ceasefire agreements. Despite ceasefire announcements in 2025, war continues to destroy thousands of lives in Gaza and the Ukraine.
If we look at the previous period between 2015 and 2019, we can see that the number of peace treaties reached 372. Many of them involved states like Yemen, Syria, and Myanmar.
Overall, the internationalization of peace treaties has made negotiations increasingly complex and lack sustainability. Adding to this, the number of personnel deployed in multilateral peace operations has declined 42% since 2015.
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