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Charted: The History of U.S. Recessions
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- The U.S. economy has weathered 34 recessions since 1855, but only 13 have occurred in the post-WWII era.
- Recessions are getting shorter: the long-run average is 17 months, yet the last five downturns averaged just 10.4 months.
- The Panic of 1873 lasted a record 65 months, while the COVID-19 slump in 2020 was over in only two.
The heat-map above from USAFacts uses the FRED “USREC” series to show every month of recession (pink) and expansion (navy) since 1855. Each vertical slice is one month; the absence of pink reveals how economic contractions have thinned out over time.
Below is the underlying monthly dataset compiled by USAFacts and the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER):
| Date | US recession? (1 = yes) |
|---|---|
| 1854-12-01 | 1 |
| 1855-01-01 | 0 |
| 1855-02-01 | 0 |
| 1855-03-01 | 0 |
| 1855-04-01 | 0 |
| 1855-05-01 | 0 |
| 1855-06-01 | 0 |
| 1855-07-01 | 0 |
| 1855-08-01 | 0 |
| 1855-09-01 | 0 |
| 1855-10-01 | 0 |
| 1855-11-01 | 0 |
| 1855-12-01 | 0 |
| 1856-01-01 | 0 |
| 1856-02-01 | 0 |
| 1856-03-01 | 0 |
| 1856-04-01 | 0 |
| 1856-05-01 | 0 |
| 1856-06-01 | 0 |
| 1856-07-01 | 0 |
| 1856-08-01 | 0 |
| 1856-09-01 | 0 |
| 1856-10-01 | 0 |
| 1856-11-01 | 0 |
| 1856-12-01 | 0 |
| 1857-01-01 | 0 |
| 1857-02-01 | 0 |
| 1857-03-01 | 0 |
| 1857-04-01 | 0 |
| 1857-05-01 | 0 |
| 1857-06-01 | 0 |
| 1857-07-01 | 1 |
| 1857-08-01 | 1 |
| 1857-09-01 | 1 |
| 1857-10-01 | 1 |
| 1857-11-01 | 1 |
| 1857-12-01 | 1 |
| 1858-01-01 | 1 |
| 1858-02-01 | 1 |
| 1858-03-01 | 1 |
| 1858-04-01 | 1 |
| 1858-05-01 | 1 |
| 1858-06-01 | 1 |
| 1858-07-01 | 1 |
| 1858-08-01 | 1 |
| 1858-09-01 | 1 |
| 1858-10-01 | 1 |
| 1858-11-01 | 1 |
| 1858-12-01 | 1 |
| 1859-01-01 | 0 |
| 1859-02-01 | 0 |
| 1859-03-01 | 0 |
| 1859-04-01 | 0 |
| 1859-05-01 | 0 |
| 1859-06-01 | 0 |
| 1859-07-01 | 0 |
| 1859-08-01 | 0 |
| 1859-09-01 | 0 |
| 1859-10-01 | 0 |
| 1859-11-01 | 0 |
| 1859-12-01 | 0 |
| 1860-01-01 | 0 |
| 1860-02-01 | 0 |
| 1860-03-01 | 0 |
| 1860-04-01 | 0 |
| 1860-05-01 | 0 |
| 1860-06-01 | 0 |
| 1860-07-01 | 0 |
| 1860-08-01 | 0 |
| 1860-09-01 | 0 |
| 1860-10-01 | 0 |
| 1860-11-01 | 1 |
| 1860-12-01 | 1 |
| 1861-01-01 | 1 |
| 1861-02-01 | 1 |
| 1861-03-01 | 1 |
| 1861-04-01 | 1 |
| 1861-05-01 | 1 |
| 1861-06-01 | 1 |
| 1861-07-01 | 0 |
| 1861-08-01 | 0 |
| 1861-09-01 | 0 |
| 1861-10-01 | 0 |
| 1861-11-01 | 0 |
| 1861-12-01 | 0 |
| 1862-01-01 | 0 |
| 1862-02-01 | 0 |
| 1862-03-01 | 0 |
| 1862-04-01 | 0 |
| 1862-05-01 | 0 |
| 1862-06-01 | 0 |
| 1862-07-01 | 0 |
| 1862-08-01 | 0 |
| 1862-09-01 | 0 |
| 1862-10-01 | 0 |
| 1862-11-01 | 0 |
| 1862-12-01 | 0 |
| 1863-01-01 | 0 |
| 1863-02-01 | 0 |
| 1863-03-01 | 0 |
| 1863-04-01 | 0 |
| 1863-05-01 | 0 |
| 1863-06-01 | 0 |
| 1863-07-01 | 0 |
| 1863-08-01 | 0 |
| 1863-09-01 | 0 |
| 1863-10-01 | 0 |
| 1863-11-01 | 0 |
| 1863-12-01 | 0 |
| 1864-01-01 | 0 |
| 1864-02-01 | 0 |
| 1864-03-01 | 0 |
| 1864-04-01 | 0 |
| 1864-05-01 | 0 |
| 1864-06-01 | 0 |
| 1864-07-01 | 0 |
| 1864-08-01 | 0 |
| 1864-09-01 | 0 |
| 1864-10-01 | 0 |
| 1864-11-01 | 0 |
| 1864-12-01 | 0 |
| 1865-01-01 | 0 |
| 1865-02-01 | 0 |
| 1865-03-01 | 0 |
| 1865-04-01 | 0 |
| 1865-05-01 | 1 |
| 1865-06-01 | 1 |
| 1865-07-01 | 1 |
| 1865-08-01 | 1 |
| 1865-09-01 | 1 |
| 1865-10-01 | 1 |
| 1865-11-01 | 1 |
| 1865-12-01 | 1 |
| 1866-01-01 | 1 |
| 1866-02-01 | 1 |
| 1866-03-01 | 1 |
| 1866-04-01 | 1 |
| 1866-05-01 | 1 |
| 1866-06-01 | 1 |
| 1866-07-01 | 1 |
| 1866-08-01 | 1 |
| 1866-09-01 | 1 |
| 1866-10-01 | 1 |
| 1866-11-01 | 1 |
| 1866-12-01 | 1 |
| 1867-01-01 | 1 |
| 1867-02-01 | 1 |
| 1867-03-01 | 1 |
| 1867-04-01 | 1 |
| 1867-05-01 | 1 |
| 1867-06-01 | 1 |
| 1867-07-01 | 1 |
| 1867-08-01 | 1 |
| 1867-09-01 | 1 |
| 1867-10-01 | 1 |
| 1867-11-01 | 1 |
| 1867-12-01 | 1 |
| 1868-01-01 | 0 |
| 1868-02-01 | 0 |
| 1868-03-01 | 0 |
| 1868-04-01 | 0 |
| 1868-05-01 | 0 |
| 1868-06-01 | 0 |
| 1868-07-01 | 0 |
| 1868-08-01 | 0 |
| 1868-09-01 | 0 |
| 1868-10-01 | 0 |
| 1868-11-01 | 0 |
| 1868-12-01 | 0 |
| 1869-01-01 | 0 |
| 1869-02-01 | 0 |
| 1869-03-01 | 0 |
| 1869-04-01 | 0 |
| 1869-05-01 | 0 |
| 1869-06-01 | 0 |
| 1869-07-01 | 1 |
| 1869-08-01 | 1 |
| 1869-09-01 | 1 |
| 1869-10-01 | 1 |
| 1869-11-01 | 1 |
| 1869-12-01 | 1 |
| 1870-01-01 | 1 |
| 1870-02-01 | 1 |
| 1870-03-01 | 1 |
| 1870-04-01 | 1 |
| 1870-05-01 | 1 |
| 1870-06-01 | 1 |
| 1870-07-01 | 1 |
| 1870-08-01 | 1 |
| 1870-09-01 | 1 |
| 1870-10-01 | 1 |
| 1870-11-01 | 1 |
| 1870-12-01 | 1 |
| 1871-01-01 | 0 |
| 1871-02-01 | 0 |
| 1871-03-01 | 0 |
| 1871-04-01 | 0 |
| 1871-05-01 | 0 |
| 1871-06-01 | 0 |
| 1871-07-01 | 0 |
| 1871-08-01 | 0 |
| 1871-09-01 | 0 |
| 1871-10-01 | 0 |
| 1871-11-01 | 0 |
| 1871-12-01 | 0 |
| 1872-01-01 | 0 |
| 1872-02-01 | 0 |
| 1872-03-01 | 0 |
| 1872-04-01 | 0 |
| 1872-05-01 | 0 |
| 1872-06-01 | 0 |
| 1872-07-01 | 0 |
| 1872-08-01 | 0 |
| 1872-09-01 | 0 |
| 1872-10-01 | 0 |
| 1872-11-01 | 0 |
| 1872-12-01 | 0 |
| 1873-01-01 | 0 |
| 1873-02-01 | 0 |
| 1873-03-01 | 0 |
| 1873-04-01 | 0 |
| 1873-05-01 | 0 |
| 1873-06-01 | 0 |
| 1873-07-01 | 0 |
| 1873-08-01 | 0 |
| 1873-09-01 | 0 |
| 1873-10-01 | 0 |
| 1873-11-01 | 1 |
| 1873-12-01 | 1 |
| 1874-01-01 | 1 |
| 1874-02-01 | 1 |
| 1874-03-01 | 1 |
| 1874-04-01 | 1 |
| 1874-05-01 | 1 |
| 1874-06-01 | 1 |
| 1874-07-01 | 1 |
| 1874-08-01 | 1 |
| 1874-09-01 | 1 |
| 1874-10-01 | 1 |
| 1874-11-01 | 1 |
| 1874-12-01 | 1 |
| 1875-01-01 | 1 |
| 1875-02-01 | 1 |
| 1875-03-01 | 1 |
| 1875-04-01 | 1 |
| 1875-05-01 | 1 |
| 1875-06-01 | 1 |
| 1875-07-01 | 1 |
| 1875-08-01 | 1 |
| 1875-09-01 | 1 |
| 1875-10-01 | 1 |
| 1875-11-01 | 1 |
| 1875-12-01 | 1 |
| 1876-01-01 | 1 |
| 1876-02-01 | 1 |
| 1876-03-01 | 1 |
| 1876-04-01 | 1 |
| 1876-05-01 | 1 |
| 1876-06-01 | 1 |
| 1876-07-01 | 1 |
| 1876-08-01 | 1 |
| 1876-09-01 | 1 |
| 1876-10-01 | 1 |
| 1876-11-01 | 1 |
| 1876-12-01 | 1 |
| 1877-01-01 | 1 |
| 1877-02-01 | 1 |
| 1877-03-01 | 1 |
| 1877-04-01 | 1 |
| 1877-05-01 | 1 |
| 1877-06-01 | 1 |
| 1877-07-01 | 1 |
| 1877-08-01 | 1 |
| 1877-09-01 | 1 |
| 1877-10-01 | 1 |
| 1877-11-01 | 1 |
| 1877-12-01 | 1 |
| 1878-01-01 | 1 |
| 1878-02-01 | 1 |
| 1878-03-01 | 1 |
| 1878-04-01 | 1 |
| 1878-05-01 | 1 |
| 1878-06-01 | 1 |
| 1878-07-01 | 1 |
| 1878-08-01 | 1 |
| 1878-09-01 | 1 |
| 1878-10-01 | 1 |
| 1878-11-01 | 1 |
| 1878-12-01 | 1 |
| 1879-01-01 | 1 |
| 1879-02-01 | 1 |
| 1879-03-01 | 1 |
| 1879-04-01 | 0 |
| 1879-05-01 | 0 |
| 1879-06-01 | 0 |
| 1879-07-01 | 0 |
| 1879-08-01 | 0 |
| 1879-09-01 | 0 |
| 1879-10-01 | 0 |
| 1879-11-01 | 0 |
| 1879-12-01 | 0 |
| 1880-01-01 | 0 |
| 1880-02-01 | 0 |
| 1880-03-01 | 0 |
| 1880-04-01 | 0 |
| 1880-05-01 | 0 |
| 1880-06-01 | 0 |
| 1880-07-01 | 0 |
| 1880-08-01 | 0 |
| 1880-09-01 | 0 |
| 1880-10-01 | 0 |
| 1880-11-01 | 0 |
| 1880-12-01 | 0 |
| 1881-01-01 | 0 |
| 1881-02-01 | 0 |
| 1881-03-01 | 0 |
| 1881-04-01 | 0 |
| 1881-05-01 | 0 |
| 1881-06-01 | 0 |
| 1881-07-01 | 0 |
| 1881-08-01 | 0 |
| 1881-09-01 | 0 |
| 1881-10-01 | 0 |
| 1881-11-01 | 0 |
| 1881-12-01 | 0 |
| 1882-01-01 | 0 |
| 1882-02-01 | 0 |
| 1882-03-01 | 0 |
| 1882-04-01 | 1 |
| 1882-05-01 | 1 |
| 1882-06-01 | 1 |
| 1882-07-01 | 1 |
| 1882-08-01 | 1 |
| 1882-09-01 | 1 |
| 1882-10-01 | 1 |
| 1882-11-01 | 1 |
| 1882-12-01 | 1 |
| 1883-01-01 | 1 |
| 1883-02-01 | 1 |
| 1883-03-01 | 1 |
| 1883-04-01 | 1 |
| 1883-05-01 | 1 |
| 1883-06-01 | 1 |
| 1883-07-01 | 1 |
| 1883-08-01 | 1 |
| 1883-09-01 | 1 |
| 1883-10-01 | 1 |
| 1883-11-01 | 1 |
| 1883-12-01 | 1 |
| 1884-01-01 | 1 |
| 1884-02-01 | 1 |
| 1884-03-01 | 1 |
| 1884-04-01 | 1 |
| 1884-05-01 | 1 |
| 1884-06-01 | 1 |
| 1884-07-01 | 1 |
| 1884-08-01 | 1 |
| 1884-09-01 | 1 |
| 1884-10-01 | 1 |
| 1884-11-01 | 1 |
| 1884-12-01 | 1 |
| 1885-01-01 | 1 |
| 1885-02-01 | 1 |
| 1885-03-01 | 1 |
| 1885-04-01 | 1 |
| 1885-05-01 | 1 |
| 1885-06-01 | 0 |
| 1885-07-01 | 0 |
| 1885-08-01 | 0 |
| 1885-09-01 | 0 |
| 1885-10-01 | 0 |
| 1885-11-01 | 0 |
| 1885-12-01 | 0 |
| 1886-01-01 | 0 |
| 1886-02-01 | 0 |
| 1886-03-01 | 0 |
| 1886-04-01 | 0 |
| 1886-05-01 | 0 |
| 1886-06-01 | 0 |
| 1886-07-01 | 0 |
| 1886-08-01 | 0 |
| 1886-09-01 | 0 |
| 1886-10-01 | 0 |
| 1886-11-01 | 0 |
| 1886-12-01 | 0 |
| 1887-01-01 | 0 |
| 1887-02-01 | 0 |
| 1887-03-01 | 0 |
| 1887-04-01 | 1 |
| 1887-05-01 | 1 |
| 1887-06-01 | 1 |
| 1887-07-01 | 1 |
| 1887-08-01 | 1 |
| 1887-09-01 | 1 |
| 1887-10-01 | 1 |
| 1887-11-01 | 1 |
| 1887-12-01 | 1 |
| 1888-01-01 | 1 |
| 1888-02-01 | 1 |
| 1888-03-01 | 1 |
| 1888-04-01 | 1 |
| 1888-05-01 | 0 |
| 1888-06-01 | 0 |
| 1888-07-01 | 0 |
| 1888-08-01 | 0 |
| 1888-09-01 | 0 |
| 1888-10-01 | 0 |
| 1888-11-01 | 0 |
| 1888-12-01 | 0 |
| 1889-01-01 | 0 |
| 1889-02-01 | 0 |
| 1889-03-01 | 0 |
| 1889-04-01 | 0 |
| 1889-05-01 | 0 |
| 1889-06-01 | 0 |
| 1889-07-01 | 0 |
| 1889-08-01 | 0 |
| 1889-09-01 | 0 |
| 1889-10-01 | 0 |
| 1889-11-01 | 0 |
| 1889-12-01 | 0 |
| 1890-01-01 | 0 |
| 1890-02-01 | 0 |
| 1890-03-01 | 0 |
| 1890-04-01 | 0 |
| 1890-05-01 | 0 |
| 1890-06-01 | 0 |
| 1890-07-01 | 0 |
| 1890-08-01 | 1 |
| 1890-09-01 | 1 |
| 1890-10-01 | 1 |
| 1890-11-01 | 1 |
| 1890-12-01 | 1 |
| 1891-01-01 | 1 |
| 1891-02-01 | 1 |
| 1891-03-01 | 1 |
| 1891-04-01 | 1 |
| 1891-05-01 | 1 |
| 1891-06-01 | 0 |
| 1891-07-01 | 0 |
| 1891-08-01 | 0 |
| 1891-09-01 | 0 |
| 1891-10-01 | 0 |
| 1891-11-01 | 0 |
| 1891-12-01 | 0 |
| 1892-01-01 | 0 |
| 1892-02-01 | 0 |
| 1892-03-01 | 0 |
| 1892-04-01 | 0 |
| 1892-05-01 | 0 |
| 1892-06-01 | 0 |
| 1892-07-01 | 0 |
| 1892-08-01 | 0 |
| 1892-09-01 | 0 |
| 1892-10-01 | 0 |
| 1892-11-01 | 0 |
| 1892-12-01 | 0 |
| 1893-01-01 | 0 |
| 1893-02-01 | 1 |
| 1893-03-01 | 1 |
| 1893-04-01 | 1 |
| 1893-05-01 | 1 |
| 1893-06-01 | 1 |
| 1893-07-01 | 1 |
| 1893-08-01 | 1 |
| 1893-09-01 | 1 |
| 1893-10-01 | 1 |
| 1893-11-01 | 1 |
| 1893-12-01 | 1 |
| 1894-01-01 | 1 |
| 1894-02-01 | 1 |
| 1894-03-01 | 1 |
| 1894-04-01 | 1 |
| 1894-05-01 | 1 |
| 1894-06-01 | 1 |
| 1894-07-01 | 0 |
| 1894-08-01 | 0 |
| 1894-09-01 | 0 |
| 1894-10-01 | 0 |
| 1894-11-01 | 0 |
| 1894-12-01 | 0 |
| 1895-01-01 | 0 |
| 1895-02-01 | 0 |
| 1895-03-01 | 0 |
| 1895-04-01 | 0 |
| 1895-05-01 | 0 |
| 1895-06-01 | 0 |
| 1895-07-01 | 0 |
| 1895-08-01 | 0 |
| 1895-09-01 | 0 |
| 1895-10-01 | 0 |
| 1895-11-01 | 0 |
| 1895-12-01 | 0 |
| 1896-01-01 | 1 |
| 1896-02-01 | 1 |
| 1896-03-01 | 1 |
| 1896-04-01 | 1 |
| 1896-05-01 | 1 |
| 1896-06-01 | 1 |
| 1896-07-01 | 1 |
| 1896-08-01 | 1 |
| 1896-09-01 | 1 |
| 1896-10-01 | 1 |
| 1896-11-01 | 1 |
| 1896-12-01 | 1 |
| 1897-01-01 | 1 |
| 1897-02-01 | 1 |
| 1897-03-01 | 1 |
| 1897-04-01 | 1 |
| 1897-05-01 | 1 |
| 1897-06-01 | 1 |
| 1897-07-01 | 0 |
| 1897-08-01 | 0 |
| 1897-09-01 | 0 |
| 1897-10-01 | 0 |
| 1897-11-01 | 0 |
| 1897-12-01 | 0 |
| 1898-01-01 | 0 |
| 1898-02-01 | 0 |
| 1898-03-01 | 0 |
| 1898-04-01 | 0 |
| 1898-05-01 | 0 |
| 1898-06-01 | 0 |
| 1898-07-01 | 0 |
| 1898-08-01 | 0 |
| 1898-09-01 | 0 |
| 1898-10-01 | 0 |
| 1898-11-01 | 0 |
| 1898-12-01 | 0 |
| 1899-01-01 | 0 |
| 1899-02-01 | 0 |
| 1899-03-01 | 0 |
| 1899-04-01 | 0 |
| 1899-05-01 | 0 |
| 1899-06-01 | 0 |
| 1899-07-01 | 1 |
| 1899-08-01 | 1 |
| 1899-09-01 | 1 |
| 1899-10-01 | 1 |
| 1899-11-01 | 1 |
| 1899-12-01 | 1 |
| 01/01/1900 | 1 |
| 01/02/1900 | 1 |
| 01/03/1900 | 1 |
| 01/04/1900 | 1 |
| 01/05/1900 | 1 |
| 01/06/1900 | 1 |
| 01/07/1900 | 1 |
| 01/08/1900 | 1 |
| 01/09/1900 | 1 |
| 01/10/1900 | 1 |
| 01/11/1900 | 1 |
| 01/12/1900 | 1 |
| 01/01/1901 | 0 |
| 01/02/1901 | 0 |
| 01/03/1901 | 0 |
| 01/04/1901 | 0 |
| 01/05/1901 | 0 |
| 01/06/1901 | 0 |
| 01/07/1901 | 0 |
| 01/08/1901 | 0 |
| 01/09/1901 | 0 |
| 01/10/1901 | 0 |
| 01/11/1901 | 0 |
| 01/12/1901 | 0 |
| 01/01/1902 | 0 |
| 01/02/1902 | 0 |
| 01/03/1902 | 0 |
| 01/04/1902 | 0 |
| 01/05/1902 | 0 |
| 01/06/1902 | 0 |
| 01/07/1902 | 0 |
| 01/08/1902 | 0 |
| 01/09/1902 | 0 |
| 01/10/1902 | 1 |
| 01/11/1902 | 1 |
| 01/12/1902 | 1 |
| 01/01/1903 | 1 |
| 01/02/1903 | 1 |
| 01/03/1903 | 1 |
| 01/04/1903 | 1 |
| 01/05/1903 | 1 |
| 01/06/1903 | 1 |
| 01/07/1903 | 1 |
| 01/08/1903 | 1 |
| 01/09/1903 | 1 |
| 01/10/1903 | 1 |
| 01/11/1903 | 1 |
| 01/12/1903 | 1 |
| 01/01/1904 | 1 |
| 01/02/1904 | 1 |
| 01/03/1904 | 1 |
| 01/04/1904 | 1 |
| 01/05/1904 | 1 |
| 01/06/1904 | 1 |
| 01/07/1904 | 1 |
| 01/08/1904 | 1 |
| 01/09/1904 | 0 |
| 01/10/1904 | 0 |
| 01/11/1904 | 0 |
| 01/12/1904 | 0 |
| 01/01/1905 | 0 |
| 01/02/1905 | 0 |
| 01/03/1905 | 0 |
| 01/04/1905 | 0 |
| 01/05/1905 | 0 |
| 01/06/1905 | 0 |
| 01/07/1905 | 0 |
| 01/08/1905 | 0 |
| 01/09/1905 | 0 |
| 01/10/1905 | 0 |
| 01/11/1905 | 0 |
| 01/12/1905 | 0 |
| 01/01/1906 | 0 |
| 01/02/1906 | 0 |
| 01/03/1906 | 0 |
| 01/04/1906 | 0 |
| 01/05/1906 | 0 |
| 01/06/1906 | 0 |
| 01/07/1906 | 0 |
| 01/08/1906 | 0 |
| 01/09/1906 | 0 |
| 01/10/1906 | 0 |
| 01/11/1906 | 0 |
| 01/12/1906 | 0 |
| 01/01/1907 | 0 |
| 01/02/1907 | 0 |
| 01/03/1907 | 0 |
| 01/04/1907 | 0 |
| 01/05/1907 | 0 |
| 01/06/1907 | 1 |
| 01/07/1907 | 1 |
| 01/08/1907 | 1 |
| 01/09/1907 | 1 |
| 01/10/1907 | 1 |
| 01/11/1907 | 1 |
| 01/12/1907 | 1 |
| 01/01/1908 | 1 |
| 01/02/1908 | 1 |
| 01/03/1908 | 1 |
| 01/04/1908 | 1 |
| 01/05/1908 | 1 |
| 01/06/1908 | 1 |
| 01/07/1908 | 0 |
| 01/08/1908 | 0 |
| 01/09/1908 | 0 |
| 01/10/1908 | 0 |
| 01/11/1908 | 0 |
| 01/12/1908 | 0 |
| 01/01/1909 | 0 |
| 01/02/1909 | 0 |
| 01/03/1909 | 0 |
| 01/04/1909 | 0 |
| 01/05/1909 | 0 |
| 01/06/1909 | 0 |
| 01/07/1909 | 0 |
| 01/08/1909 | 0 |
| 01/09/1909 | 0 |
| 01/10/1909 | 0 |
| 01/11/1909 | 0 |
| 01/12/1909 | 0 |
| 01/01/1910 | 0 |
| 01/02/1910 | 1 |
| 01/03/1910 | 1 |
| 01/04/1910 | 1 |
| 01/05/1910 | 1 |
| 01/06/1910 | 1 |
| 01/07/1910 | 1 |
| 01/08/1910 | 1 |
| 01/09/1910 | 1 |
| 01/10/1910 | 1 |
| 01/11/1910 | 1 |
| 01/12/1910 | 1 |
| 01/01/1911 | 1 |
| 01/02/1911 | 1 |
| 01/03/1911 | 1 |
| 01/04/1911 | 1 |
| 01/05/1911 | 1 |
| 01/06/1911 | 1 |
| 01/07/1911 | 1 |
| 01/08/1911 | 1 |
| 01/09/1911 | 1 |
| 01/10/1911 | 1 |
| 01/11/1911 | 1 |
| 01/12/1911 | 1 |
| 01/01/1912 | 1 |
| 01/02/1912 | 0 |
| 01/03/1912 | 0 |
| 01/04/1912 | 0 |
| 01/05/1912 | 0 |
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| 01/12/1978 | 0 |
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| 01/11/1979 | 0 |
| 01/12/1979 | 0 |
| 01/01/1980 | 0 |
| 01/02/1980 | 1 |
| 01/03/1980 | 1 |
| 01/04/1980 | 1 |
| 01/05/1980 | 1 |
| 01/06/1980 | 1 |
| 01/07/1980 | 1 |
| 01/08/1980 | 0 |
| 01/09/1980 | 0 |
| 01/10/1980 | 0 |
| 01/11/1980 | 0 |
| 01/12/1980 | 0 |
| 01/01/1981 | 0 |
| 01/02/1981 | 0 |
| 01/03/1981 | 0 |
| 01/04/1981 | 0 |
| 01/05/1981 | 0 |
| 01/06/1981 | 0 |
| 01/07/1981 | 0 |
| 01/08/1981 | 1 |
| 01/09/1981 | 1 |
| 01/10/1981 | 1 |
| 01/11/1981 | 1 |
| 01/12/1981 | 1 |
| 01/01/1982 | 1 |
| 01/02/1982 | 1 |
| 01/03/1982 | 1 |
| 01/04/1982 | 1 |
| 01/05/1982 | 1 |
| 01/06/1982 | 1 |
| 01/07/1982 | 1 |
| 01/08/1982 | 1 |
| 01/09/1982 | 1 |
| 01/10/1982 | 1 |
| 01/11/1982 | 1 |
| 01/12/1982 | 0 |
| 01/01/1983 | 0 |
| 01/02/1983 | 0 |
| 01/03/1983 | 0 |
| 01/04/1983 | 0 |
| 01/05/1983 | 0 |
| 01/06/1983 | 0 |
| 01/07/1983 | 0 |
| 01/08/1983 | 0 |
| 01/09/1983 | 0 |
| 01/10/1983 | 0 |
| 01/11/1983 | 0 |
| 01/12/1983 | 0 |
| 01/01/1984 | 0 |
| 01/02/1984 | 0 |
| 01/03/1984 | 0 |
| 01/04/1984 | 0 |
| 01/05/1984 | 0 |
| 01/06/1984 | 0 |
| 01/07/1984 | 0 |
| 01/08/1984 | 0 |
| 01/09/1984 | 0 |
| 01/10/1984 | 0 |
| 01/11/1984 | 0 |
| 01/12/1984 | 0 |
| 01/01/1985 | 0 |
| 01/02/1985 | 0 |
| 01/03/1985 | 0 |
| 01/04/1985 | 0 |
| 01/05/1985 | 0 |
| 01/06/1985 | 0 |
| 01/07/1985 | 0 |
| 01/08/1985 | 0 |
| 01/09/1985 | 0 |
| 01/10/1985 | 0 |
| 01/11/1985 | 0 |
| 01/12/1985 | 0 |
| 01/01/1986 | 0 |
| 01/02/1986 | 0 |
| 01/03/1986 | 0 |
| 01/04/1986 | 0 |
| 01/05/1986 | 0 |
| 01/06/1986 | 0 |
| 01/07/1986 | 0 |
| 01/08/1986 | 0 |
| 01/09/1986 | 0 |
| 01/10/1986 | 0 |
| 01/11/1986 | 0 |
| 01/12/1986 | 0 |
| 01/01/1987 | 0 |
| 01/02/1987 | 0 |
| 01/03/1987 | 0 |
| 01/04/1987 | 0 |
| 01/05/1987 | 0 |
| 01/06/1987 | 0 |
| 01/07/1987 | 0 |
| 01/08/1987 | 0 |
| 01/09/1987 | 0 |
| 01/10/1987 | 0 |
| 01/11/1987 | 0 |
| 01/12/1987 | 0 |
| 01/01/1988 | 0 |
| 01/02/1988 | 0 |
| 01/03/1988 | 0 |
| 01/04/1988 | 0 |
| 01/05/1988 | 0 |
| 01/06/1988 | 0 |
| 01/07/1988 | 0 |
| 01/08/1988 | 0 |
| 01/09/1988 | 0 |
| 01/10/1988 | 0 |
| 01/11/1988 | 0 |
| 01/12/1988 | 0 |
| 01/01/1989 | 0 |
| 01/02/1989 | 0 |
| 01/03/1989 | 0 |
| 01/04/1989 | 0 |
| 01/05/1989 | 0 |
| 01/06/1989 | 0 |
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| 01/10/1989 | 0 |
| 01/11/1989 | 0 |
| 01/12/1989 | 0 |
| 01/01/1990 | 0 |
| 01/02/1990 | 0 |
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| 01/05/1990 | 0 |
| 01/06/1990 | 0 |
| 01/07/1990 | 0 |
| 01/08/1990 | 1 |
| 01/09/1990 | 1 |
| 01/10/1990 | 1 |
| 01/11/1990 | 1 |
| 01/12/1990 | 1 |
| 01/01/1991 | 1 |
| 01/02/1991 | 1 |
| 01/03/1991 | 1 |
| 01/04/1991 | 0 |
| 01/05/1991 | 0 |
| 01/06/1991 | 0 |
| 01/07/1991 | 0 |
| 01/08/1991 | 0 |
| 01/09/1991 | 0 |
| 01/10/1991 | 0 |
| 01/11/1991 | 0 |
| 01/12/1991 | 0 |
| 01/01/1992 | 0 |
| 01/02/1992 | 0 |
| 01/03/1992 | 0 |
| 01/04/1992 | 0 |
| 01/05/1992 | 0 |
| 01/06/1992 | 0 |
| 01/07/1992 | 0 |
| 01/08/1992 | 0 |
| 01/09/1992 | 0 |
| 01/10/1992 | 0 |
| 01/11/1992 | 0 |
| 01/12/1992 | 0 |
| 01/01/1993 | 0 |
| 01/02/1993 | 0 |
| 01/03/1993 | 0 |
| 01/04/1993 | 0 |
| 01/05/1993 | 0 |
| 01/06/1993 | 0 |
| 01/07/1993 | 0 |
| 01/08/1993 | 0 |
| 01/09/1993 | 0 |
| 01/10/1993 | 0 |
| 01/11/1993 | 0 |
| 01/12/1993 | 0 |
| 01/01/1994 | 0 |
| 01/02/1994 | 0 |
| 01/03/1994 | 0 |
| 01/04/1994 | 0 |
| 01/05/1994 | 0 |
| 01/06/1994 | 0 |
| 01/07/1994 | 0 |
| 01/08/1994 | 0 |
| 01/09/1994 | 0 |
| 01/10/1994 | 0 |
| 01/11/1994 | 0 |
| 01/12/1994 | 0 |
| 01/01/1995 | 0 |
| 01/02/1995 | 0 |
| 01/03/1995 | 0 |
| 01/04/1995 | 0 |
| 01/05/1995 | 0 |
| 01/06/1995 | 0 |
| 01/07/1995 | 0 |
| 01/08/1995 | 0 |
| 01/09/1995 | 0 |
| 01/10/1995 | 0 |
| 01/11/1995 | 0 |
| 01/12/1995 | 0 |
| 01/01/1996 | 0 |
| 01/02/1996 | 0 |
| 01/03/1996 | 0 |
| 01/04/1996 | 0 |
| 01/05/1996 | 0 |
| 01/06/1996 | 0 |
| 01/07/1996 | 0 |
| 01/08/1996 | 0 |
| 01/09/1996 | 0 |
| 01/10/1996 | 0 |
| 01/11/1996 | 0 |
| 01/12/1996 | 0 |
| 01/01/1997 | 0 |
| 01/02/1997 | 0 |
| 01/03/1997 | 0 |
| 01/04/1997 | 0 |
| 01/05/1997 | 0 |
| 01/06/1997 | 0 |
| 01/07/1997 | 0 |
| 01/08/1997 | 0 |
| 01/09/1997 | 0 |
| 01/10/1997 | 0 |
| 01/11/1997 | 0 |
| 01/12/1997 | 0 |
| 01/01/1998 | 0 |
| 01/02/1998 | 0 |
| 01/03/1998 | 0 |
| 01/04/1998 | 0 |
| 01/05/1998 | 0 |
| 01/06/1998 | 0 |
| 01/07/1998 | 0 |
| 01/08/1998 | 0 |
| 01/09/1998 | 0 |
| 01/10/1998 | 0 |
| 01/11/1998 | 0 |
| 01/12/1998 | 0 |
| 01/01/1999 | 0 |
| 01/02/1999 | 0 |
| 01/03/1999 | 0 |
| 01/04/1999 | 0 |
| 01/05/1999 | 0 |
| 01/06/1999 | 0 |
| 01/07/1999 | 0 |
| 01/08/1999 | 0 |
| 01/09/1999 | 0 |
| 01/10/1999 | 0 |
| 01/11/1999 | 0 |
| 01/12/1999 | 0 |
| 01/01/2000 | 0 |
| 01/02/2000 | 0 |
| 01/03/2000 | 0 |
| 01/04/2000 | 0 |
| 01/05/2000 | 0 |
| 01/06/2000 | 0 |
| 01/07/2000 | 0 |
| 01/08/2000 | 0 |
| 01/09/2000 | 0 |
| 01/10/2000 | 0 |
| 01/11/2000 | 0 |
| 01/12/2000 | 0 |
| 01/01/2001 | 0 |
| 01/02/2001 | 0 |
| 01/03/2001 | 0 |
| 01/04/2001 | 1 |
| 01/05/2001 | 1 |
| 01/06/2001 | 1 |
| 01/07/2001 | 1 |
| 01/08/2001 | 1 |
| 01/09/2001 | 1 |
| 01/10/2001 | 1 |
| 01/11/2001 | 1 |
| 01/12/2001 | 0 |
| 01/01/2002 | 0 |
| 01/02/2002 | 0 |
| 01/03/2002 | 0 |
| 01/04/2002 | 0 |
| 01/05/2002 | 0 |
| 01/06/2002 | 0 |
| 01/07/2002 | 0 |
| 01/08/2002 | 0 |
| 01/09/2002 | 0 |
| 01/10/2002 | 0 |
| 01/11/2002 | 0 |
| 01/12/2002 | 0 |
| 01/01/2003 | 0 |
| 01/02/2003 | 0 |
| 01/03/2003 | 0 |
| 01/04/2003 | 0 |
| 01/05/2003 | 0 |
| 01/06/2003 | 0 |
| 01/07/2003 | 0 |
| 01/08/2003 | 0 |
| 01/09/2003 | 0 |
| 01/10/2003 | 0 |
| 01/11/2003 | 0 |
| 01/12/2003 | 0 |
| 01/01/2004 | 0 |
| 01/02/2004 | 0 |
| 01/03/2004 | 0 |
| 01/04/2004 | 0 |
| 01/05/2004 | 0 |
| 01/06/2004 | 0 |
| 01/07/2004 | 0 |
| 01/08/2004 | 0 |
| 01/09/2004 | 0 |
| 01/10/2004 | 0 |
| 01/11/2004 | 0 |
| 01/12/2004 | 0 |
| 01/01/2005 | 0 |
| 01/02/2005 | 0 |
| 01/03/2005 | 0 |
| 01/04/2005 | 0 |
| 01/05/2005 | 0 |
| 01/06/2005 | 0 |
| 01/07/2005 | 0 |
| 01/08/2005 | 0 |
| 01/09/2005 | 0 |
| 01/10/2005 | 0 |
| 01/11/2005 | 0 |
| 01/12/2005 | 0 |
| 01/01/2006 | 0 |
| 01/02/2006 | 0 |
| 01/03/2006 | 0 |
| 01/04/2006 | 0 |
| 01/05/2006 | 0 |
| 01/06/2006 | 0 |
| 01/07/2006 | 0 |
| 01/08/2006 | 0 |
| 01/09/2006 | 0 |
| 01/10/2006 | 0 |
| 01/11/2006 | 0 |
| 01/12/2006 | 0 |
| 01/01/2007 | 0 |
| 01/02/2007 | 0 |
| 01/03/2007 | 0 |
| 01/04/2007 | 0 |
| 01/05/2007 | 0 |
| 01/06/2007 | 0 |
| 01/07/2007 | 0 |
| 01/08/2007 | 0 |
| 01/09/2007 | 0 |
| 01/10/2007 | 0 |
| 01/11/2007 | 0 |
| 01/12/2007 | 0 |
| 01/01/2008 | 1 |
| 01/02/2008 | 1 |
| 01/03/2008 | 1 |
| 01/04/2008 | 1 |
| 01/05/2008 | 1 |
| 01/06/2008 | 1 |
| 01/07/2008 | 1 |
| 01/08/2008 | 1 |
| 01/09/2008 | 1 |
| 01/10/2008 | 1 |
| 01/11/2008 | 1 |
| 01/12/2008 | 1 |
| 01/01/2009 | 1 |
| 01/02/2009 | 1 |
| 01/03/2009 | 1 |
| 01/04/2009 | 1 |
| 01/05/2009 | 1 |
| 01/06/2009 | 1 |
| 01/07/2009 | 0 |
| 01/08/2009 | 0 |
| 01/09/2009 | 0 |
| 01/10/2009 | 0 |
| 01/11/2009 | 0 |
| 01/12/2009 | 0 |
| 01/01/2010 | 0 |
| 01/02/2010 | 0 |
| 01/03/2010 | 0 |
| 01/04/2010 | 0 |
| 01/05/2010 | 0 |
| 01/06/2010 | 0 |
| 01/07/2010 | 0 |
| 01/08/2010 | 0 |
| 01/09/2010 | 0 |
| 01/10/2010 | 0 |
| 01/11/2010 | 0 |
| 01/12/2010 | 0 |
| 01/01/2011 | 0 |
| 01/02/2011 | 0 |
| 01/03/2011 | 0 |
| 01/04/2011 | 0 |
| 01/05/2011 | 0 |
| 01/06/2011 | 0 |
| 01/07/2011 | 0 |
| 01/08/2011 | 0 |
| 01/09/2011 | 0 |
| 01/10/2011 | 0 |
| 01/11/2011 | 0 |
| 01/12/2011 | 0 |
| 01/01/2012 | 0 |
| 01/02/2012 | 0 |
| 01/03/2012 | 0 |
| 01/04/2012 | 0 |
| 01/05/2012 | 0 |
| 01/06/2012 | 0 |
| 01/07/2012 | 0 |
| 01/08/2012 | 0 |
| 01/09/2012 | 0 |
| 01/10/2012 | 0 |
| 01/11/2012 | 0 |
| 01/12/2012 | 0 |
| 01/01/2013 | 0 |
| 01/02/2013 | 0 |
| 01/03/2013 | 0 |
| 01/04/2013 | 0 |
| 01/05/2013 | 0 |
| 01/06/2013 | 0 |
| 01/07/2013 | 0 |
| 01/08/2013 | 0 |
| 01/09/2013 | 0 |
| 01/10/2013 | 0 |
| 01/11/2013 | 0 |
| 01/12/2013 | 0 |
| 01/01/2014 | 0 |
| 01/02/2014 | 0 |
| 01/03/2014 | 0 |
| 01/04/2014 | 0 |
| 01/05/2014 | 0 |
| 01/06/2014 | 0 |
| 01/07/2014 | 0 |
| 01/08/2014 | 0 |
| 01/09/2014 | 0 |
| 01/10/2014 | 0 |
| 01/11/2014 | 0 |
| 01/12/2014 | 0 |
| 01/01/2015 | 0 |
| 01/02/2015 | 0 |
| 01/03/2015 | 0 |
| 01/04/2015 | 0 |
| 01/05/2015 | 0 |
| 01/06/2015 | 0 |
| 01/07/2015 | 0 |
| 01/08/2015 | 0 |
| 01/09/2015 | 0 |
| 01/10/2015 | 0 |
| 01/11/2015 | 0 |
| 01/12/2015 | 0 |
| 01/01/2016 | 0 |
| 01/02/2016 | 0 |
| 01/03/2016 | 0 |
| 01/04/2016 | 0 |
| 01/05/2016 | 0 |
| 01/06/2016 | 0 |
| 01/07/2016 | 0 |
| 01/08/2016 | 0 |
| 01/09/2016 | 0 |
| 01/10/2016 | 0 |
| 01/11/2016 | 0 |
| 01/12/2016 | 0 |
| 01/01/2017 | 0 |
| 01/02/2017 | 0 |
| 01/03/2017 | 0 |
| 01/04/2017 | 0 |
| 01/05/2017 | 0 |
| 01/06/2017 | 0 |
| 01/07/2017 | 0 |
| 01/08/2017 | 0 |
| 01/09/2017 | 0 |
| 01/10/2017 | 0 |
| 01/11/2017 | 0 |
| 01/12/2017 | 0 |
| 01/01/2018 | 0 |
| 01/02/2018 | 0 |
| 01/03/2018 | 0 |
| 01/04/2018 | 0 |
| 01/05/2018 | 0 |
| 01/06/2018 | 0 |
| 01/07/2018 | 0 |
| 01/08/2018 | 0 |
| 01/09/2018 | 0 |
| 01/10/2018 | 0 |
| 01/11/2018 | 0 |
| 01/12/2018 | 0 |
| 01/01/2019 | 0 |
| 01/02/2019 | 0 |
| 01/03/2019 | 0 |
| 01/04/2019 | 0 |
| 01/05/2019 | 0 |
| 01/06/2019 | 0 |
| 01/07/2019 | 0 |
| 01/08/2019 | 0 |
| 01/09/2019 | 0 |
| 01/10/2019 | 0 |
| 01/11/2019 | 0 |
| 01/12/2019 | 0 |
| 01/01/2020 | 0 |
| 01/02/2020 | 0 |
| 01/03/2020 | 1 |
| 01/04/2020 | 1 |
| 01/05/2020 | 0 |
| 01/06/2020 | 0 |
| 01/07/2020 | 0 |
| 01/08/2020 | 0 |
| 01/09/2020 | 0 |
| 01/10/2020 | 0 |
| 01/11/2020 | 0 |
| 01/12/2020 | 0 |
| 01/01/2021 | 0 |
| 01/02/2021 | 0 |
| 01/03/2021 | 0 |
| 01/04/2021 | 0 |
| 01/05/2021 | 0 |
| 01/06/2021 | 0 |
| 01/07/2021 | 0 |
| 01/08/2021 | 0 |
| 01/09/2021 | 0 |
| 01/10/2021 | 0 |
| 01/11/2021 | 0 |
| 01/12/2021 | 0 |
| 01/01/2022 | 0 |
| 01/02/2022 | 0 |
| 01/03/2022 | 0 |
| 01/04/2022 | 0 |
| 01/05/2022 | 0 |
| 01/06/2022 | 0 |
| 01/07/2022 | 0 |
| 01/08/2022 | 0 |
| 01/09/2022 | 0 |
| 01/10/2022 | 0 |
| 01/11/2022 | 0 |
| 01/12/2022 | 0 |
| 01/01/2023 | 0 |
| 01/02/2023 | 0 |
| 01/03/2023 | 0 |
| 01/04/2023 | 0 |
| 01/05/2023 | 0 |
| 01/06/2023 | 0 |
| 01/07/2023 | 0 |
| 01/08/2023 | 0 |
| 01/09/2023 | 0 |
| 01/10/2023 | 0 |
| 01/11/2023 | 0 |
| 01/12/2023 | 0 |
| 01/01/2024 | 0 |
| 01/02/2024 | 0 |
| 01/03/2024 | 0 |
| 01/04/2024 | 0 |
| 01/05/2024 | 0 |
| 01/06/2024 | 0 |
| 01/07/2024 | 0 |
| 01/08/2024 | 0 |
| 01/09/2024 | 0 |
| 01/10/2024 | 0 |
| 01/11/2024 | 0 |
| 01/12/2024 | 0 |
| 01/01/2025 | 0 |
| 01/02/2025 | 0 |
| 01/03/2025 | 0 |
| 01/04/2025 | 0 |
| 01/05/2025 | 0 |
| 01/06/2025 | 0 |
The densest run of pink bars appears in the 19th century, while the modern era shows longer stretches of uninterrupted blue—evidence that downturns are becoming rarer and shorter.
How Recessions Have Evolved
Before the Great Depression, recessions hit roughly every four years and often dragged on for two or more years. Since 1945, the average contraction has shrunk to about 10 months and the gap between recessions has widened to nearly six years.
Better monetary policy, automatic stabilizers, and quicker Fed intervention all help explain the change.
The Stand-Out Downturns
The longest slump on record is the 65-month Panic of 1873, a protracted crisis sparked by railroad speculation and tight credit.
At the other extreme, the NBER declared the 2020 COVID-19 contraction over after just two months—shorter than many investors’ attention spans. In the post-war period, the Great Recession (2007-09) remains the lengthiest at 18 months.
Why Modern Recessions Are Shorter
Today’s downturns rarely spiral into full-blown depressions. Automatic unemployment insurance, deposit insurance, and more-transparent data give policymakers tools, and political cover, to act quickly. Meanwhile, sectors like services now dominate GDP, muting inventory whiplash that once amplified industrial busts.
Learn More on the Voronoi App
Compare how other nations stack up by exploring Countries Which Suffered Through the Most Recession Years on Voronoi.